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首页> 外文OA文献 >Exploring the mechanical basis for acceleration: pelvic limb locomotor function during accelerations in racing greyhounds (Canis familiaris)
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Exploring the mechanical basis for acceleration: pelvic limb locomotor function during accelerations in racing greyhounds (Canis familiaris)

机译：探索加速的机械基础：骨盆肢体运动 在赛狗的加速过程中起作用 熟悉）

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摘要

Animals in their natural environments are confronted with a regular need to perform rapid accelerations (for example when escaping from predators or chasing prey). Such acceleration requires net positive mechanical work to be performed on the centre of mass by skeletal muscle. Here we determined how pelvic limb joints contribute to the mechanical work and power that are required for acceleration in galloping quadrupeds. In addition, we considered what, if any, biomechanical strategies exist to enable effective acceleration to be achieved. Simultaneous kinematic and kinetic data were collected for racing greyhounds undergoing a range of low to high accelerations. From these data, joint moments and joint powers were calculated for individual hindlimb joints. In addition, the mean effective mechanical advantage (EMA) of the limb and the `gear ratio' of each joint throughout stance were calculated. Greatest increases in joint work and power with acceleration appeared at the hip and hock joints, particularly in the lead limb. Largest increases in absolute positive joint work occurred at the hip, consistent with the hypothesis that quadrupeds power locomotion by torque about the hip. In addition, hindlimb EMA decreased substantially with increased acceleration – a potential strategy to increase stance time and thus ground impulses for a given peak force. This mechanism may also increase the mechanical advantage for applying the horizontal forces necessary for acceleration.
机译：自然环境中的动物经常需要进行快速加速（例如，当逃离捕食者或追逐猎物时）。这种加速要求骨骼肌在质心上进行净的正机械功。在这里，我们确定了骨盆四肢关节如何促进四足舞动的加速所需的机械功和力量。此外，我们考虑了存在什么生物力学策略，以实现有效的加速。同时收集了从低到高加速度范围内的赛狗的运动学和动力学数据。根据这些数据，计算出单个后肢关节的关节力矩和关节力量。此外，还计算了肢体的平均有效机械优势（EMA）和整个姿势中每个关节的“齿轮比”。髋关节和飞节关节，尤其是前肢的关节，随着加速度的增加而最大地增加了关节功和力量。绝对正关节功的最大增加发生在髋部，与假说通过围绕髋部的扭矩使动力运动翻了三倍的假设一致。此外，后肢EMA随着加速度的增加而显着降低，这是增加站立时间并因此在给定峰值力下产生地面冲动的潜在策略。该机构还可以增加用于施加加速所必需的水平力的机械优势。

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